La Coruña

In late 1808, during the Peninsular War, British forces under Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore advanced into Spain to support Spanish allies against Napoleon’s invasion. However, facing superior French forces led by Marshal Soult and the approaching main French army, Moore initiated a strategic retreat toward the northwestern port of La Coruña to evacuate his troops by sea.

The retreat was arduous, conducted through harsh winter conditions, with French forces in close pursuit. By January 11, 1809, the British army reached La Coruña, but their transport ships had not yet arrived, necessitating a defensive stance. On January 16, Soult launched an assault to prevent the British evacuation. The French attacked the British right flank, aiming to seize the heights of Elviña. Intense fighting ensued, during which General Moore was mortally wounded while leading a counterattack. Despite this, British forces successfully repelled the French offensive, maintaining control over their defensive positions.

The successful defense allowed the British army to embark on their ships during the night of January 16–17, completing the evacuation. While the French captured La Coruña subsequently, the British withdrawal preserved their army for future engagements. The battle demonstrated the resilience of British forces under duress and highlighted the challenges Napoleon faced in subduing the Iberian Peninsula.